In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant. Lead phytoextraction, using plants to extract pb from contaminated soils, is an emerging technology. The present article summarizes new progress in phytoremediation of pcbs, including the use of transgenic plants and plantassociated bacteria. Nov 10, 2010 phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove contaminants from the environment. Begu and harikrishna 2010 have reported the efficient phytoremediation at lower concentrations of heavy metals like iron, nickel and copper. The purpose of this issue paper is to provide a concise discussion of the processes associated with the use of phytoremediation as. Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. Plants are unique organisms equipped with remarkable metabolic. Also oenothera picensis plant has been studied for phytoextraction of copper gonzalez et al. Phytoremediation is the use of green plants for decontamination of polluted sites soils and waters.
Phytoremediation mechanisms of ornamental plants for heavymetal contaminated soil. Pdf phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and. Lead is one such pollutants which disrupts the food chain and is lethal even at low concentrations. Phytoremediation resource guide technologies for cleaning. The different forms of phytoremediation are defined and their applications are discussed. Investigating the phytoremediation mechanisms of ornamental plants will help to better understand the accumulation characteristics of the tested plants and find pathways through which to improve the phytoremediation efficiency. Final report phytoremediation and bioremediation of land.
Phytoremediation of soil is an inexpensive, socially acceptable, and ecofriendly technique for reclamation of degraded areas padmavathiamma and li 2007. Phytoremediation is defined by unep 2012a,b as the use of living green plants for in situ. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by trifolium alexandrinum hazrat ali, muhammad naseer and muhammad anwar sajad international journal of environmental sciences volume 2 no. Recently, phytoremediation, which is an emerging technology, should be considered for remediation of contaminated sites because of its cost effectiveness, aesthetic advantages and long term applicability 10. Phytoremediation and bioremediation of land contaminated by pahs, pcbs, and tnt epa grant number. All journal articles featured in international journal of phytoremediation vol 12 issue 8. An international conference devoted to phytoremediation work has been convened seven times. Received 23 february 2014 received in revised form 17 june 2014 accepted 18 june 2014. An overview of the phytoremediation of lead and mercury. Research into and application of phytoremediation has flourished over the last 15 years.
It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a general term used to clean up contaminants using plants, or remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water chandra shekar et al 2003. Phytoremediation is a lowcost alternative to traditional brownfield cleanup. Types of the method of phytoremediation used depends on the type and amount of pollution, as well as what type of area it is found in. The types of contaminated media and contaminants that are appropriate for phytoremediation are summarized. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. May 30, 2019 phytoremediation is popular in theory due to its low establishment cost and relative simplicity. Other large companies such as chevron and dupont were also developing phytoremediation technologies. Brassicaceae 1280 29,400 alyssium spp do 11,600 berkheya codil asteraceae 16,600. Aquatic macrophytes like water hyacinth have been extensively used for phytoremediation of water contaminated with dyes khaiary 2007 and metals like cadmium, arsenic, lead, and chromium agunbiade et al. Curr pollution rep phytoremediation of explosivecontaminated soils jeffrey d.
Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental. Endophytic bacteria can enhance phytoremediation of organic pollutants. Phytoremediation has gained extensively attention and much progress in remediation of inorganic and organic contaminants, and the means for enhanced phytoremediation. In the 1990s, there were several companies working with phytoremediation, including phytotech, phytoworks, and earthcare. This guide provides abstracts of over 100 phytoremediation overviews, field studies and demonstrations, research articles, and internet resources. Recently, aquatic plant micranthemum umbrosum has also been witnessed for arsenic and cadmium removal by phyto. Jan 23, 2015 phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals.
Pdf presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils is of major environmental. Guide to phytoremediation of highway runoff november 2001 2 in appendix d of the storm water management plan and subsequent documents required by the npdes permit and in a revised project planning and design guide the most recent caltrans storm water management documents should be consulted prior to designing any. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Pdf the mobilization of heavy metals by man through extraction from ores and processing for different. This issue paper focuses on the processes and applications of phytoremediation for remediation of hazardous waste sites. Endophytic bacteria diminish toxicity and evapotranspiration of organic pollutants. Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and. Several remediation technologies are available for treating heavy metals contaminated soils. Metal and plant species concentrationof metalaccuumulated mgkg a. Phytoremediation represents a group of innovative technologies that use plants and natural processes to remediate or stabilize hazardous wastes in soil, sediments, surface water, or groundwater. Hultgren and colleagues 2010 tested the ability of willow plants to remediate pahs from soil contaminated with creosote. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical.
Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b99003. Plant assisted bioremediation, sometimes referred to as a type of phytoremediation, involves the interaction of. Because it is based on natural processes, phytoremediation may be easily adaptable to many redevelopment plans for brownfields sites. It is used of plants and trees to clean up polluted soil and water. Since 2001, the international journal of phytoremediation has been published quarterly. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metalsconcepts and applications. The guide is intended to be used as a guidance document to demonstrate. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and trace elements. All journal articles featured in international journal of phytoremediation vol 5 issue 2. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief view about factors affecting heavy metals uptake by.
Phytoremediation of pb and cd contaminated soils by using. Phytoremediation involves several specific subsets, of which phytoextraction and phytodegradation are currently the most developed for the phytoremediation of metals and organics in contaminated soils lee. This vital book, featuring an international set of authors, is a key reference for researchers and environmental managers, as well as anyone involved in the mining industry or landscape remediation. In this study, we investigated the potential of adding chelates to pb. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. By harnessing the natural capabilities of plants we can remediate toxic soils, groundwater, surface water, and sediments. Phytoremediation applied ecology and environmental research. Plant adaptation and phytoremediation springerlink. Abstract phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received much attention in the last few years. Information is provided on the types of vegetation that have been studied or used in phytoremediation. The phytoremediation im workplan was submitted to kdhe on march 3, 2010.
Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Plants are unique organisms equipped with remarkable metabolic and absorption capabilities, as well as transport sys. Phytoremediation of explosivecontaminated soils pdf. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. Kiiskila 1 department of biological sciences, michigan technological university, houghton, mi 49931, usa in order to select appropriate plant species for phytoremediation of explosive compounds, phytotoxicity, uptake proficiency, capability of the. Phytoremediation is the use of pl ants to naturally remove contaminants from soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater doty.
The comprehensive coverage of current approaches to phytoremediation begins by examining the problem. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation. Develop a format that is accessible to epa and state regulators and others who need to evaluate alternate remedial technologies, as well as to site owners, project. Phytoremediation is a form of bioremediation, which is the use of biological processes to detoxify polluted sites frick et al. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum. To minimise such risk, phytoremediation comes into play. Bioremediation can also be defined as the enhancing of rehabilitation of an impacted ecosystem by microorganisms which have been described by ekundayo 1978 as our unseen allies in fight against pollution. It protects the food chain by decreasing agrochemical residues in food crops. Department of the treasury internal revenue service. It can be used for heavy metals and radionuclides as well as for organic pollutants. Although the first studies were already carried out in the 50s of the twentieth century, the phytoremediation term was coined in 1991 and it describes a technology that uses plants to remove contaminants from soil and water or to render them harmless vidali, 2001. Improving the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated.
Phytoremediation has been implemented as a component of the selected remedy at 18 superfund sites in the united states wuana et al. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by trifolium alexandrinum. The plant used in the phytoremediation technique must have a considerable capacity of metal absorption, its accumulation and strength to decrease the treatment time mudgal et al. The phytoremediation im workplan and subsequent comment letters documented these changes. Phytoremediation of industrial mines wastewater using. Lu q, he zl, graetz da 2010 phytoremediation to remove nutrients and improve eutrophic stormwaters using water lettuce pistia stratiotes l. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. Plants,used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils. Prospects and applications for the phytoremediation of organic pollutants muhammad afzala. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contami.
Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation of. The degraded soils, following the harmful effects of emissions from nonferrous metal smelters, are usually arid from. Guide to phytoremediation of highway runoff november 2001 ii disclaimer the guide should not be construed as policy of caltrans. Jun 29, 2015 phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants from the media that contain them. Volume 22, 2020 vol 21, 2019 vol 20, 2018 vol 19, 2017 vol 18, 2016 vol 17, 2015 vol 16, 2014 vol 15, 20 vol 14, 2012 vol, 2010 2011 vol 12, 2009 2010 vol 11, 2009 vol 10, 2008 vol 9, 2007 vol 8, 2006 vol 7, 2005 vol 6, 2004 vol 5, 2003 vol 4, 2002 vol 3, 2001 vol 2, 2000 vol 1, 1999. In this study, pb and cd metal ions was added in soluble forms to ensure their high availability for plant uptake. The aim of the research was to determine how the application of sewage sludge into the soil surface improves the phytoremediation process. Successful fullscale deployments of advanced pgpr enhanced phytoremediation systems \peps\ for decontamination of petroleum and salt impacted soils. Sep 12, 2017 phytoremediation phytoremediation definition. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016.
Algae are also effective for phytoremediation of metals. The heavy metal uptake capacity of salvinia is equally efficient as when used in its non living form. Sources of metal pollution geological and anthropogenic activities are sources of heavy metal contamination dembitsky, 2003. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references.
Phytoremediation technology is a recent technology. Calculations of soil pb mass balance suggest that this technology will be economically feasible only if systems can be developed to employ high biomass plants that can accumulate greater than 1% pb in their shoots. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from soil and water. Phytoremediation, the use of plants in remediation, is one such technology. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more established treatment methods used. A form of phytoremediation in which water moves through the roots and in. Pdf phytoremediation download full pdf book download. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix to remove environmental contaminants by facilitating sequestration andor degradation detoxification of the pollutants. Phytoremediation is a costeffective green technology based on the use of plants to remove, metabolize, assimilate, or adsorb hazardous materials in soil wu et al. A form of phytoremediation is phytostabilization where plants minimize metal.